星期二, 4月 21, 2015

波士頓清華校友年會 郭志毅,沈繼業學長分享經驗

波士頓清華校友會四月十八日中午,在布萊頓(Brighton)的Maki Maki餐廳舉行年會,慶祝母校104歲生日,鼓勵校友積極參加同行小聚,投資協會,打高爾夫球,划龍舟,長跑等活動,享受健康愉快人生。
            波士頓清華校友會會長韓松,候任會長庒曉丹,司儀譚豐,張潔熹等人當天安排了美女演奏,酷男相聲,學長分享等活動,讓出席校友在飽餐生魚片自助餐之餘,還能享受聲色,充實知識,為校友們的多才多藝,感到與有榮焉。
當天到會的清華學長,包括1936級的美國工程院院士暨麻省理工學院榮退教授李詩穎,哈佛大學統計系主任林希虹,綠盟科技董事長沈繼業,Casa System董事長郭志毅,目前在波士頓做訪問學者的清華大學日本研究中心常務副主任李廷江,清華大學副教授過勇 等學長出席,和年輕到2010年才入學的學弟妹們交流,二百多人歡聚一堂,熱鬧無比。
            創辦了江蘇紫荊花信息科技公司的會長韓松,在會上簡報去年活動概況,包括收得的捐款,資助了兩名學生就讀,九月辦過秋遊,六月組隊參加龍舟賽,讓該會的歷年參賽成績,增至二金,二銀及三銅,今年的龍舟賽,預定六月十四,十五兩日舉行,希望校友們踴躍加入行列等。
            波士頓清華校友去年參加波士頓馬拉松賽的陣容,也破紀錄,共有24名校友參加,全都跑到終點線,充分展現體育精神。
            在體育方面,該會去年還舉辦了第一屆小尾羊清華盃高爾夫球賽。
        候任會長庒曉丹報告同行小聚概況。他指出,波士頓清華校友去年在金融,環境,生物統計及信息,計算機等領域,辦了四次同行小聚,期以為校友提供更多的經驗傳承機會。他們還請得曾任百度副總裁的學長湯和松分享經驗,舉辦計算機系友日,成立了投資協會,協辦首屆留美青年學者環境論壇,矽谷中國天使協會見面會等等活動。
            Casa System董事長郭志毅,綠盟科技董事長沈繼業, 當天分別和學弟妹們分享了個人經驗。
            1979級精儀系畢業的郭志毅坦言,他來美讀博,進貝爾實驗室工作過六年,才出來創業,觸過礁,經歷過生死般掙扎,重新在安多福(Andover)再開了Casa System,終於堅持有成,去年營業額達到二億五千萬美元。他勸有心踏上創業路的學弟妹們,堅持就會有運氣,但當然也要懂得和人溝通,幫助他人了解自己的自我宣傳。他透露自己的公司今年計劃招聘逾百人,希望研究網路設備,軟硬件的學弟妹加入。
            1986級自動化系的沈繼業曾是清華校隊一員。他坦言,來波士頓為跑馬拉松,但志在參與,不計成績。他透露,跑馬拉松其實有很多講究,腳的哪個部位先落地,都有不同影響。再者跑步有振奮人心作用,他認識的一個朋友,就是靠跑步治癒了抑鬱症。當天他還特地送出兩套許巍的“此時此刻”專輯。
            波士頓清華校友會當天還刻意展現校友們多才多藝,兩大表演環節,包括靳琳,苟萌,向紹瀾,賀小敏組成的民樂演奏團,以及曾行,鄭辰,新任社長張浩的浮雲相聲社,演出者幾乎全是清華校友。

圖片說明:

            波士頓清華校友會會長韓松(左ㄧ),副會長庒曉丹(左三),和董事會主席周福民(右二),前任會長張偉(右一)歡迎學者郭志毅(左二),沈繼業(右三)。(菊子攝)

            譚豐(左),曾行(右)都是清華校友,也都是浮雲相聲社骨幹。(菊子攝)

清華美女組成的民樂演奏團。(菊子攝)
            布蘭岱斯大學CSSA 會長鄭辰(左),浮雲相聲社新任社長張浩(右)都是清華校友。(菊子攝)

            張潔熹(左)幫沈繼業(中)請當天出席最年輕的學妹出列,領音樂專輯。(菊子攝)


            

哈佛教授謝曉亮獲生物醫學界最高獎 分享獎金五十萬元

有美國醫學界最高榮譽之稱的阿爾伯尼醫學中心生物醫學獎(Albany Medical Center Prize in Biomedicine and Biomedical Research),四月廿日宣佈,2015年大獎頒給斯坦福大學教授Karl Deisseroth和哈佛大學教授、北京大學生物動態光學成像中心主任謝曉亮。
            由饒毅,魯白,謝宇等三人所創辦的“賽先生”指該獎是美國最重要、最具影響力的生物醫學大獎之一。單分子學奠基人,也是活細胞中單分子研究開創者的謝曉亮,是這大獎的首名華裔獲獎者。
            阿爾伯尼醫學中心在網站上公佈的新聞稿指出,該獎是由已故美國慈善家希爾威曼(Morris Silverman)於2000年設立,自2001年起每年頒發一次,獎金高達五十萬美元。今年的頒獎典禮,預定於五月十五日(週五)在紐約州的阿爾伯尼舉行。
            阿爾伯尼醫學獎全國評選委員會主席Vincent Verdile表示,謝曉亮及Karl Deisseroth這兩名學者得獎,是因為他們看到了生物醫學界對新科技的需要,進行研究,並實際發展出這些科技。今世界各地的研究員,都在使用他們的技術,包括創新的成像及測序,讓人更快認知許多以前神秘的生物功能,尤其是大腦方面的功能。
該新聞稿指出,謝曉亮使用由光導致的訊號,諸如螢光,來探測活細胞裏以前看不到的分子。他的開創性實驗,1998年時科學雜誌曾經形容過,2006年的科學及自然雜誌也報導過,使得人們第一次能夠在活細胞裏,一次看一個分子的的基因表述,容許人們以前所未有的層次來研究基因規則。
謝曉亮所率研究團隊,最近還發展出單細胞的全基因組擴大方法(single-cell whole genome amplification method簡稱MALBAC),容許人們在單個癌症細胞中找出基因改變的地方,對單細胞基因組做出極大貢獻。這種方法已被用來在體外受精時挑選健康的胚胎。
            “賽先生”指出,迄今共有廿三名科學家得過此獎,其中有三人在得獎時已得過諾貝爾獎,五人在獲得阿爾伯尼獎之後,再獲得諾貝爾獎。
            謝曉亮告訴“賽先生”,他的實驗室主要貢獻有三,一是基礎研究:在單分子水平上理解的動力學反應及定量描述細胞基因表達和控制;二是技術發明:DNA測序新方法和快速靈敏的無標記光學成像技術,在醫學檢測上有重要應用;三是培養人才,已培養了20多名​​博士生和50多名博士後,他們或者在美國大學當教授,或者投身高科技業,其中有些人可能成為未來科學技術上的領軍人物。”
謝曉亮1962年出生於北京,1984年畢業於北京大學化學系,1990年獲得美國加州大學聖地牙哥(San Diego)分校化學系博士學位,1990年至1992年在芝加哥大學化學係從事博士後研究工作。1992年加入美國西北太平洋國家實驗室(PNNL),其後當上首席科學家。1999年他成為哈佛大學終身教授,2011年5月3日,已是哈佛大學化學與化學生物系Mallinckrodt講席教授的謝曉亮當選美國科學院院士,成為大陸留美化學領域科學家中獲此殊榮第一人。

星期一, 4月 20, 2015

Lelisa Desisa Wins Second Boston Marathon Crown In Three Year Span

Lelisa Desisa Wins Second Boston Marathon Crown In Three Year Span

By James O'Brien

In 2013, Ethiopia's Lelisa Desisa stormed to victory in the 117th Boston Marathon. Twelve months later, he returned with a weight of expectation on his shoulders; the result was a DNF. In 2015 he came to Boston with a point to prove - which he did in demonstrative fashion after a race that was epic from gun to tape, with more plot twists than a soap opera. Desisa stayed strong through less than ideal conditions, breaking the tape on Boylston Street in 2:09:17.

Approaching the 10:00 a.m. start in Hopkinton, the weather was cause for as much conjecture as the contenders. How cold would it be? Was the anticipated rain storm going to come to pass? How much of a factor would the wind be? With the forecast changing almost by the minute, the prevailing conditions were as much of an unknown as the ultimate winner. By the time gun sounded, though, the rain had not arrived, the wind was calm, and the temperatures were chilly, though not dire. That would certainly change as the race unfolded and the blustery winds and rain swept through. But, for the early miles at least, conditions were good for fast running.

Ethiopia's Tadese Tola bolted from the starting line with the evident intention of ensuring that some heat would be injected into the proceedings. Clearly, he - and, no doubt, many of his peers - had no intention of letting any contender charge to an early and unassailable lead, as Meb Keflezighi had done in 2014.

This year was to be different. Tola towed the field through an opening mile of 4:40; his compatriot Gebre Gebremariam kept it going through two miles at a pace only a hair slower and the scene was set for a barn burner.

Through the ensuing rolling miles, you only had to blink to see a new face at the front of the pack. Tola kept himself prominent, as did Gebremariam. Desisa took a turn, as did Boston debutant Yemane Adhane Tsegay from Ethiopia. It was a revolving door of self-appointed pace-makers, all running with one intent: keep it moving.

At the 5K, the split of 14:42 illustrated that this was going to be anything but easy. Gebremariam, twice a third place finisher here, fronted the pack, but in close formation were Desisa, Tola, two-time world marathon champion Abel Kirui (KEN), four-time world half marathon champion Zersenay Tedesse (ETH), last year's second placer Wilson Chebet (KEN), 2012 champion Wesley Korir, defending champion Meb Keflezighi, three of Meb's US teammates - Nick Arciniaga, Matt Tegenkamp and Dathan Ritzenhein - plus a clutch of other world class performers - 17 in total. Notably missing, at this early stage, was Patrick Makau, former world record holder at 2:03:08, who inexplicably had stepped off the course not to be seen again.

With the field maintaining close to 2:04 pace, it was inevitable that there would soon be some attrition. Desisa maintained his position at the forefront, pushing it along in a manner that could have been surmised to be foolish. But push it he did, with Tola, Tsegay, Gebremariam and most of the gang close by. US hopes took an early blow, though, with Tegenkamp and Ritzenhein being among the first casualties. As the pace waned momentarily, the US duo managed to get back on terms; but it was a momentary flirtation. The leaders hammered onward and Tegenkamp and Ritzenhein were off the back.

The 5 mile marker was passed in 23:50 with Tola holding the lead and a pack of 13 hovering on his shoulder. At 10 miles, the split was 48:10. The pack was holding tight - with two Americans, Meb and Arciniaga in its midst. Tegenkamp and Ritzenhein were gone - except that nobody told the latter. As the pace eased marginally - 12 miles in 58:10, 13 miles in 1:03:27; a 2:08 tempo, down from the previous 2:04 - Ritzenhein forged his way back into contention. Having been well off the pace, the Rockford, Mich., based three-time Olympian, surged back with such impetus that, by the time the leaders reached the half way mark (1:04:00), the American was at the forefront, pushing the pace with Tsegay hanging on his shoulder.

Not only was this a remarkable change of fortune, but the ease with which Ritzenhein cruised from the outhouse to the penthouse fanned the flames of hope among spectators that, yes, an American could win this race again. Meb, after all, was still there, too, along with Arciniaga. Half the race gone; three Americans in contention and looking good. But there was a spoiler: immediately alongside them was a dozen or so of the world's finest - Kirui, Korir, Gebremariam, Tola, Desisa, Frankline Chepkwony (KEN), Wilson Chebet (KEN), Bernard Kipyego (KEN), and a handful more - all looking as if the race hadn't yet begun. Which it hadn't. The hills were coming.

Through 14 (1:08:23), 15 (1:13:24) and 16 miles (1:18:06), Ritzenhein retained his place at the pole. Every so often Desisa or Tsegay or Tola injected a turn of pace; but, Ritz was the rabbit, looking, it must be said, consummately at ease. As every Boston Marathoner knows, however, the miles from 16 to 21 are the determining factor in dreams coming true or nightmares becoming reality. The climbs - three of them, collectively known as the Newton Hills, culminating in Heartbreak - come almost immediately after the right hand turn at the Newton Firehouse. Prior to that, the hills are rolling; at this point they become significant.

Ritzenhein had been in the lead; but the moment the climb began, he drifted to the back of the pack of 11. Korir surged to the front, his first turn as pace-maker. Then it was Desisa's turn; then Tesgay's; then Chepkwony's. The knot of leaders became a string and indications were that the race was on.

Cresting the first hill, however, the pace eased and the group congealed once more, and - guess what? - Ritzenhein was back in the lead and looking as smooth as ever. The 17 mile mark was passed in 1:23:30, a 5:24 mile, the slowest of the race thus far. At 18, still climbing, the clock read 1:28:42, with all but Gebremariam hanging tight. Remaining in the fray were Tsegay, Keflezighi, Desisa, Korir, Chepkwony, Chebet, Kipyego, Tola and Ritzenhein, plus South Africa's Lusapho April, an intimidating group, with nobody giving any indication of who was frisky and who was fried.

Through 20 miles (1:39:01), approaching the crest of Heartbreak Hill, Ritzenhein continued to press as the pack of 10 fanned out across the road. At 21, another hard fought mile was reflected in the 1:44:26/5:25 split; but Ritzenhein kept hammering.

Once the hills are conquered, though, the Boston course begins phase three. Phase 1, from Hopkinton to the Newton Firehouse is rolling and freewheeling; Phase 2, the Newton Hills, are a grind, pure and simple; Phase 3, is a flat out blast into Boston. Broad straights, long, sweeping descents, raucous crowds. If you've got anything left at all, this is where you lay it on the line; and, if you haven't, this is where your longest day begins.

As the 22 mile mark approached, Tsegay put his foot down and the real racing began. Ritzenhein was gone almost immediately, accompanied by April. Along with Tsegay in the seven man pack were Desisa, Keflezighi, Korir, Chebet, Kipyego and Chepkwony. But Desisa was looking powerful, apparently not at all fatigued by his several turns at the front in the earlier miles. The 22 mile mark was passed in 1:49:13 (4:47) and 23 in 1:53:55 (4:42). Desisa was flying, Tsegay was hanging close and everybody else was suffering. Chepkwony, Chebet, Korir, Kipyego and the defender Keflezighi all gave ground and it was down to just two.

Keflezighi's hopes of victory may have been done, but drama remained. As the pace increased and he attempted to cover, he grabbed a water bottle and took a slug that went down the wrong way - badly. "Desisa was pushing hard," he explained later. "I responded, but I was carrying my water bottle. I took water and it didn't go down well. I had to stop five times to throw up. I had felt comfortable the whole way. I didn't have any problems before that."

While Keflezighi dealt with his issues, the leaders were flying. Desisa was the aggressor, forging onward with less than three miles remaining and opening a full 20 meter lead on Tsegay. At 24 (1:58:31/4:36), the chaser narrowed the margin to five meters, then to zero, and with the winner still to be decided, Tsegay visibly put his head down and surged. It should have been a decisive blow; in fact, it was. It was Tsegay's gasp. Desisa weathered the challenge, then surged away, creating an ever-widening margin that brought him through 25 miles in 2:03:23/4:52 and to the finish line in 2:09:17. Tsegay was as jubilant in second as he was exhausted, waving to the raucous crowd, crossing the finish line 35 seconds down in 2:09:48. Chebet, second here in 2014, held on for third in 2:10:22. Keflezighi gutted it out, placing eighth in 2:12:42 - "I wanted to get to the finish line. It just took a long time" - though he had to concede to Ritzenhein in the closing miles, who edged through to seventh in 2:11:20.

"I'm happy and excited for my second victory," Desisa stated, as he should have been, given his $150,000 first place prize. "I saw in 2013 where to stop and hold back and where the ups and downs are. I worked with my coach to prepare for the course better and did more training that I did in 2013. During the race, after 35K, knowing who was around me, I knew I was going to win because my speed was greater than theirs."

Commented the deposed champion, Keflezighi: "Congrats to Lelisa and all of the runners here. We all worked so hard. I hoped that it would come together for me in the last mile or two, but I couldn't get it done. But I gave it my best today."

In the master's competition - in which category Meb will be eligible to compete next year - the victory went to Italy's Danilo Goffi (42) who scored a resounding victory over Canada's Christian Mercier (40), 2:18:44 to 2:24:37. Mercier had a less comfortable finish, fending off a second Italian, Said Boudalia (46), who crossed the line just 12 seconds later in 2:24:49.

Reflections on the 119th Boston Marathon will invariably include memories of the wind and rain and cold. But those memories will certainly be subsumed by remembrances of an inspiringly tough competition and a masterful new winner.

Next year, the hallowed race turns 120. One can only speculate on the marvelous, and celebratory, competition that will be in store for that special occasion.

McFadden Wins Third Straight Boston; Third Time’s a Charm for Hug

McFadden Wins Third Straight Boston; Third Time’s a Charm for Hug

By Jean Cann

On the 40th Anniversary of Bob Hall’s pioneering race to become the first athlete to officially complete the Boston Marathon in a wheelchair, 50 push-rim wheelchair participants completed the 119th Boston Marathon. Top finishers divided a prize purse of $84,500, provided by principal sponsor John Hancock Financial Services.

A short rain shower wet the roads before the start, but the fast finishers avoided later heavy rainfall in Boston. A pesky headwind slowed times, but didn’t impede competition. Switzerland’s Marcel Hug found a formula that worked to defeat 10-time champion Ernst van Dyk and the rest of the field, taking first in 1:29:53. American Tatyana McFadden won her third straight Boston in 1:52:54.

Hug crafted a commanding win this year after finishing fourth in 2012 and 2013. “It was most important for me to have a good downhill,” said the 29-year-old. “I know that Ernst is strong in downhill so I tried to be really strong today and attacking.”

Taking the lead by 10 miles, Hug continued to pull away from a field that included four past champions, including van Dyk (RSA), Masazumi Soejima (JPN), Hiroyuki Yamamoto (JPN), and course record holder Josh Cassidy (CAN). Before the Newton Hills, Hug led by more than a minute. The lead would ultimately grow to seven minutes and 20 seconds by the finish. “I feel great,” said the champion. “I am happy. To win here is really special and I am proud to win this historic race.”

Hug’s chasers worked together to try to catch him, but it was each man for himself in the sprint down Boylston Street. Defending champion van Dyk took second in 1:36:27, with Soejima third in 1:36:28, and Kota Hokinoue (JPN) fourth in 1:36:28. “Masazumi, Kota, and I tried to chase Marcel and close the gap,” said van Dyk. “But there was a point when we knew that wasn’t going to happen. At the end, Kota made the first move and I had to counter that. I was hurting a lot over those last few miles, but I knew I couldn’t slow down, because if I did, they’d catch me.”

Tomasz Hamerlak of Poland and American Joshua George took fifth and sixth, respectively, in another tight finish in 1:38:14 and 1:38:15. Yamamoto finished seventh in 1:39:36, with James Senbetta, Jordi Madera Jimenez, and Laurens Molina cracking the top ten in 1:40:56, 1:41:40, and 1:42:42.

Tatyana McFadden, who has dominated Abbott World Marathon Major races for more than two years with wins in 2013 and 2014 at Boston, London, Chicago, and New York, kept her streak alive with another Boston win. Her race this year played out much like her win at Boston last year when she reeled in a fast-starting Wakako Tsuchida. “I knew from the very beginning that I have to go against strong sprinters like Tatyana and Susannah,” said Tsuchida, five time Boston champion and course record holder (1:34:06).

To catch Tsuchida, McFadden worked with her University of Illinois teammate Susannah Scaroni, and Amanda McGrory. The defending champion, who compared herself to a grandma on downhills, kept the pace uphill while Scaroni and McGrory took turns on flat stretches. By 15k, McFadden left the others and passed Tsuchida for good. She amassed a minute-and-a-half lead by the 18-mile-mark in the Newton hills. Tsuchida closed the gap but never came within a minute until just before the finish. McFadden crossed the line in 1:52:54 with Tsuchida next in 1:53:48. “It was an absolutely incredible day,” said McFadden, who dedicated her race and gave her laurel wreath to the Richard family, who lost 8-year-old Martin in 2013. “The weather cleared up. It wasn’t too chilly, but there was definitely a headwind. It was the 40th anniversary, so to be an American up there on the podium, I couldn’t have asked for a better day.”

Scaroni and McGrory, both from the US, finished together in 1:57:21, with Scaroni third for the second-straight year, and McGrory fourth. 2012 Paralympic Games bronze medalist Sandra Graf, of Switzerland, took fifth in 1:59:18, with Paralympic marathon silver medalist Shelly Woods (GBR) making her Boston debut in sixth (2:05:14).

In addition to winning monetary prizes for top finishes at Boston, wheelchair athletes will be able to compete for an additional prize purse from the Abbott World Marathon Majors (AWMM) starting with the 2016 Boston Marathon. A male and female winner will be determined based on scoring at the Boston, Virgin Money London, Tokyo, BMW Berlin, Bank of America Chicago, and TCS New York City Marathons, and each winning athlete will earn $50,000.

“I think that the sport is definitely growing and for the better,” said McFadden. “Now the wheelchair is part of the Abbott World Marathon Majors series it changes everything. It makes it better, stronger, and faster, and it will keep on growing. I’m so honored to come home with another win as part of it.”

About the AWMM, veteran competitor van Dyk said, “Basically it means that we’re going to have five marathons every year where the standards will be very high and the reward will be a couple of guys who can do this full-time and make a living out of it.

“We all know Boston does a good job. London does a good job. New York does a good job too. I think we’ve already seen it the last two to three years with the London-Boston challenge. We’ve seen a huge growth in the field in Boston and in London. Adding Berlin and Tokyo and giving it an ultimate prize will make a lot more guys commit to it.”

Caroline Rotich Sprints to Victory in 119th Boston Marathon

Caroline Rotich Sprints to Victory in 119th Boston Marathon

By Barbara Huebner

By the 5K mark of the 119th Boston Marathon, Desiree Linden had shed her hat and tossed away her long-sleeved shirt. If the 31-year-old American had to be the one to assure that this year’s race was run at an honest pace, with no excuses for the biting 45-degree chill and nerve-wracking headwind that would worsen to gusts of 29 mph by the finish, so be it.

For the next 20 miles, the gutsy Michigander took control. Now and then she might tuck in for a minute, but then resumed command. If she lagged to grab fluids, she quickly motored back into the lead. When the pack shuffled to follow a tangent, she moved back into position. Fans armored with rain gear and hugging themselves to stay warm erupted in chants of “USA! USA!” as they caught sight of an American in the lead. Lisa Rainsberger, whose win in 1985 was the last for an American woman, had fired the starter’s pistol. Perhaps it was an omen.

But in the 23rd mile, Ethiopian Mare Dibiba decided it was time to remind everyone, including her rivals, that her 2:19:52 personal best was the fastest in the field. Last year’s Boston Marathon runner-up, Buzunesh Deba, insisted that her 2:19:59 PB wasn’t going to waste, either.

Surprisingly, Kenya’s Caroline Rotich, with a lifetime best of 2:23:22 and better known as a half marathoner, tagged along. After making the race, Linden slipped back.

The three hammered the next mile and a half together, often elbow-to-elbow, as the experts waited for the Ethiopian duo to leave Rotich behind before launching into the Big Duel down Boylston Street.

Instead, Deba fell prey to Hereford Street. When Dibaba surged with about 400 meters to go, it looked as if she would play out her role as race favorite right to the finish line.

Then Rotich, 31, unleashed a ferocious kick with less than 200 meters remaining, vanquishing a dejected Dibaba and breaking the tape in 2:24:55 to win her first Abbott World Marathon Majors race.

“We came to [mile 25] and I was like, ‘it’s almost over,’ and knew I wouldn’t go all-out until the finish,” said Rotich, who took home the top prize of $150,000. “[When Dibaba surged] I thought I would finish second. Just like that I saw the finish line and was like, ‘Oh, I can kick!’ Once I saw the finish, I knew I could let go.”

Dibaba, runner-up in 2:24:59, had predicted on Friday that she would win, “but I realized in the last few meters that I wasn’t going to have enough.” Deba finished third in 2:25:09, and fought back tears as she tried to describe the feeling of falling just short of victory once again (in addition to her second place here last year, the 27-year-old from the Bronx has twice been runner-up in the TCS New York City Marathon).

Linden finished as top American, fourth in 2:25:39. Winning the master’s division was New Zealand’s Liza Hunter-Galvan, 45, in 2:46:44. Joan Samuelson finished in 2:54:03, the fastest marathon by a 57-year-old woman in history.

Hometown favorite Shalane Flanagan, who grew up in Marblehead, Mass., and last year recorded the fastest Boston Marathon ever by an American woman (2:22:02), ran safely in the lead pack until just before the firehouse turn into the Newton Hills. She abruptly veered away from the pack, running a tight tangent in which she searched for breathing room to regroup from legs that began feeling heavy around halfway. Flanagan soon fell back and ran alone the rest of the way, fighting the wind and searing disappointment to finish ninth in 2:27:47.

“I felt like I had lead legs,” she said, unsure of the cause but wondering if her timing in coming down from altitude might have been a factor. “Normally when I put in the work I can see the results, and this is maybe the first time that I haven’t seen the results coincide with the training.”

Linden—whose runner-up finish by two seconds in 2011 is the best by an American since 1993—flashed a quick smile as she passed through the Wellesley College scream tunnel just before bringing the 11-woman pack though the halfway point in 1:12:33. By the 18-mile mark, entering the Newton Hills, she was the only American remaining, as first Amy Cragg and then Flanagan drifted back. Cragg would drop out of the race between 35K and 40K.

“With the conditions and the course I knew today was going to be a war of attrition,” said Linden. “My goal was to go out there and make it a full marathon, to grind it out and hopefully there wouldn’t be a huge pack at the end. I had to trust that the race was going to take the legs out of people late.”

They say the marathon begins at 20 miles, and this one surely did. At exactly that mile marker, 2011 Boston Marathon champion Caroline Kilel—the woman who denied Linden an American victory that year—hit the gas pedal as if trying to outrace a tornado. The surge didn’t last long, but it was enough to shake the pack out of its routine. Then, Dibaba slung herself around Cleveland Circle, and the pack finally began to splinter. Linden briefly regained the lead before Dibaba, Deba, and Rotich, who finished fourth here in 2011 and is coached by Olympic triathlete Ryan Bolton in Santa Fe, New Mexico, took off for good.

Linden said afterward that had someone else come forward to set an honest pace, she would have happily tucked in, but that she refused to let the pace get too soft and had no regrets.

Asked how the race compared to her near-triumph four years ago, Linden said, “2011 was definitely a highlight for me. I hope it isn’t the highlight of my career, but that’s why I keep coming back. Today was huge for me, being injured in 2012 (and forced to drop out of the Olympic Marathon). I’m really proud of myself. Today was just as big personally as 2011 was.”